--1.创建测试表
create table #score
(
name varchar(20),
subject varchar(20),
score int
)
--2.插入测试数据
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','语文',98)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','数学',80)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','英语',90)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','语文',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','语文',60)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','语文',74)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','数学',99)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','英语',59)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('严明','英语',96)
--3.取每个学科的前3名数据
select * from
(
select subject,name,score,ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION by subject order by score desc) as num from #score
) T where T.num <= 3 order by subject
--4.删除临时表
truncate table #score
drop table #score

语法形式：ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COL1 orDER BY COL2)
解释：根据COL1分组，在分组内部根据 COL2排序，而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号（组内连续的唯一的)